Chapter 35 Preview

Ch 35 Overview:

A rather large new vocabulary is needed to name the specialized cells and structures in a study of plant structure and growth. the roots, stems, and leaves of a plant are specialized to function in absorption, support, transport, protection, and photosynthesis. Plants exhibit indeterminate growth. Apical meristems at the tips of roots and shoots create primary growth, the primary meristems produce dermal, ground, and vascular tissues. The lateral meristems, vascular cambium, and cork cambium, create secondary growth that adds girth to stems and roots. New techniques and model systems such as arabidopsis are allowing researchers to explore the molecular bases for plant growth, morphogenesis and cellular differentiation

The Plant Body

-Both genes and environment affect plant structure (720-721)

-Plants have three basic organs: roots, stems, and leaves. (721-724)

-Root System & the Shoot System and Leaves

-Plant organs are composed of 3 tissue systems: Dermal, Vascular, Ground (724-726)

-Plant tissues are composed of 3 basic cell types: Parenchyma, Collenchyma and Sclerchyma(726-728)

The Process of Plant Growth and Development

-Meristems generate cells for new organs throughout the lifetime of plant. (729-730)

-Primary growth: apical meristems extend roots and shoots by giving rise to the primary plant body(730-734)

-Secondary Growth: Lateral meristems add girth by producing secondary vascular tissue and periderm (734-738)

Mechanisms of Plant Growth and Development

-Molecular biology is revolutionizing the study of plants (738-739)

-Growth, morphogenesis, and differentiation produce the plant body (739)

-Growth involves both cell division and cell expansion (739-742)

-Morphogenesis depends on pattern formation (742)

- Cellular differentiation depends on the control of gene expression (743)

-Clonal analysis of the shoot apex emphasizes the importance of a cell's location in its development fate (743-744)

-Phase changes mark major shifts in development(744)

-Genes controlling transcription play key roles in a meristem's change from a vegetative to a floral phase (744-745)

Chapter 35 Vocabulary

apic- the tip

bienn- every two years

root system

shoot system

coll- glue

fibrous root

taproot

root hairs

fusi- a spindle

axillary bud

Terminal bud

perenni- through the year

apical dominance

phloe- the bark of the tree

cuticle

tracheids

vessel elements

pits

sieve-tube members

companion cell

ground tissue

pith

parenchyma cell

collenchyma cell

sclerenchyma cell

sclerids

sclero- hard

meristem

primary growth

secondary growth

zone of elongation

stele

trachei- the windpipe

vascula- a little vessel

vascular bundles

guard cell

cork cambium

xyl- wood

bark