Blood is a connective tissue made up of:
1. Red Blood Cells (RBC)
-transport oxygen through hemoglobin*
-transport water soluble lipids
2. White Blood Cells (WBC)
-part of the immune system
3. Platelets
-responsible for clotting and immune responses
-Fibrinogen: a protein that when it becomes active turns into Fibrin
*Hemoglobin
- a respiratory pigment found in most vertebrates
-4 subunits with embedded iron atom to bind O2
-can carry 4 oxygen molecules
-Bohr Shift: the lowering of pH in blood
- does not commonly carry CO2 (CO2 most commonly carried in bicarbonate ions)
Cardiac Cycle
Systole:
- the contraction phase
- blood pressure is greater in the arteries
Diastole:
-relaxation phase
Heart Rate- the rate of contraction per minute
Stroke Volume-amount of blood pumped by left ventricle
Sinoatrial node: (SA)
-Pacemaker of the heart
-upper wall of right atrium
Atrioventricular node: (AV)
- allows the atria to empty of all blood
-lower wall of right atrium
Lymphatic System:
-returns lost fluid and proteins to blood
-Lymph nodes: filter lymph, attack viruses, and bacteria
Gas Exchange (respiration)
- the uptake of Molecular O2 and discharge of CO2
Larynx (voice box)
- tube made of cartilage
-leads to trachea (windpipe)
-divides in two Bronchi; leading to the lungs
-Bronchi split off into Bronchioles; ending in Alveoli (clusters of air sacs, where gas exchange occurs)
Lungs
-relatively large exchange surfaces
- across the lining of the alveoli
Gas diffusion:
-depends on pressure, go from high pressure areas into lower pressure areas
Multiple Choice:
1. The diffusion of gas diffuse from...
a. the lungs
b. low to high
c. high to low
d. the larynx
2. Blood is made up of
a. red blood cells
b. plasma
c. gases
d. all of the above
3. The sinoatrial node is
a. in the lungs
b. sets the rate of contractions in cardiac muscles
c. tells the blood to flow to certain places and when
d. in the lower part of the right atrium
Answers:
1. c 2. d 3. b
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